Computer programs that play chess first appeared in the 1960s, but these programs were no match for the top human players. It was not until 1997 that a chess computer called Deep Blue was able to narrowly defeat world champion Garry Kasparov in a series of games. Kasparov concealed his disappointment as best he could, but he could not hide the embarrassment he felt over losing to a machine. What can you infer about Garry Kasparov? He knows little about computers. He is sensitive and his feelings are easily hurt. He is a very clever man. He learned to play during the Russian Revolution.